Rust: Web框架Axum和Rest Client协同测试

Axum作为Rust当红Web框架，值得相识一下。下面实例包罗几个范例的常场场景。
具体如下：
一、Axum
1、toml中依赖

2. [dependencies]
3. tokio = {version="1.39.3",features =["full"]}
4. axum ={version ="0.7.5",features =["tokio"]}
5. serde = {version ="1.0.209",features =["derive"]}
6. serde_json ="1.0.1"

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2、main.rs
涉及到简单路由和提取器等，包罗紧张范例的文件形态的处置处罚。

1. use axum::{
2.     routing::{get,post},
3.     Router,
4.     response,
5.     Form,
6.     http::{header::HeaderMap},
7. };
8. use serde_json::{Value, json};
9. use serde::Deserialize;
10. use axum::extract::{ Query,Json,Path};
11. use std::collections::HashMap;
12. use std::sync::Arc;
13. #[derive(Deserialize,Debug)]
14. struct User {
15.     name: String,
16.     old: i32,
17. }
19. #[derive(Deserialize)]
20. struct LoginForm {
21.     account: String,
22.     password: String,
23. }
24. #[derive(Deserialize,Debug)]
25. struct Params {
26.     tradedays: Option<i32>,//Option=>字段可以缺省
27.     price:Option<f64>,
28.     name: Option<String>,
29. }
30. #[derive(Deserialize,Debug)]
31. struct Strategy {
32.     name: String,
33.     amount: f64,
34.     id: i32,
35. }
36. #[derive(Debug)]
37. struct AppState {
38.     count: i32
39. }
40. #[tokio::main]
41. async fn main() {
42.     let shared_state = Arc::new(AppState { count:0 });
43.     let app = Router::new()
44.         .route("/", get(hello))
45.         .route("/headers",get(headers))
46.         .route("/html", get(hello_html))
47.         .route("/form", get(show_form).post(accept_form))
48.         .route("/hashmap", get(query_hashmap))//全部解释成hashmap
49.         .route("/user/:name/:old", get(query_user))
50.         .route("/path/:name/:id", get(path)) //两个参数
51.         .route("/json", post(query_user_json))
52.         .route("/query_json",post(
53.              {
54.                 let shared_state = Arc::clone(&shared_state);
55.                 move |body| query_json(body,shared_state)
56.              }   
57.         ,))
58.         .route("/params",get(get_params))
59.         .route("/strategies/", get(query_strategy));
60.     println!("Serving on http://localhost:8080 ...");
61.     let listener = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:8080").await.unwrap();
62.     axum::serve(listener, app).await.unwrap();
63. }
65. async fn headers(headers: HeaderMap) ->String{
66.     format!("{:?}", headers)
67. }
68. // Query: ?和=来解析
69. async fn get_params(Query(params): Query<Params>) -> String {
70.     let tradedays = params.tradedays.unwrap_or(0);
71.     let price = params.price.unwrap_or(0.0);
72.     let name = params.name.unwrap_or("no name".to_string());
73.     format!("tradedays {:?}, price: {:?}  name:{:?}", tradedays, price,name)
75. }
76. //多个复杂的参数
77. async fn query_strategy(Json(strategy): Json<Strategy>) ->String{
78.     println!("strategy :{:?}",strategy);
79.     format!("receive=> strategy:{:?}",strategy)
80. }
81. //Json(user):Json<User>
82. async fn query_hashmap(Query(inputs): Query<HashMap<String, String>>) -> String{
83.     println!("inputs:{:?}",inputs);
84.     format!("inputs:{:?}",inputs)
85. }
86. async fn query_user(Path(user):Path<User>){
87.     println!("welcome! user:{user:#?}");
88. }
89. async fn query_user_json(Json(user): Json<User>) -> response::Json<Value>{
90.     println!("response:{:?}",user);
91.     Json(json!({ "user": user.name, "old": user.old }))
92. }
93. async fn query_json(Json(user):Json<User>,arc: Arc<AppState>)->String{
94.     println!("arc:{:?}",arc);
95.     format!("user:{:?} ",user)
96. }
98. // `&'static str` becomes a `200 OK` with `content-type: text/plain; charset=utf-8`
99. async fn hello() -> &'static str {
100.     "Hello, World!"
101. }
102. async fn path(Path((name,id)):Path<(String,i32)>) ->String{
103.     println!("hi,{name:#?} => id {id:#?}");
104.     format!("hi,{},{}",name,id)
105.    
106. }
107. // `Html` will get a `text/html` content-type
108. async fn hello_html() -> response::Html<&'static str> {
109.     response::Html("
110.         <h1>Hello HTML</h1>
111.         <p>Hello, World!</p>
112.     ")
113. }
115. async fn show_form() -> response::Html<&'static str> {
116.     response::Html(r#"
117.         <html>
118.         <head>
119.             <title>Login Form</title>
120.         </head>
121.         <body>
122.             <h1>User Info</h1>
123.             <form method="post">
124.                 <label for="field1">account:</label>
125.                 <input type="text" name="field1" id="field1"><br>
127.                 <label for="field2">password:</label>
128.                 <input type="text" name="field2" id="field2"><br>
130.                 <input type="submit" value="Submit">
131.             </form>
132.         </body>
133.         </html>
134.     "#)
135. }
137. async fn accept_form(Form(login): Form<LoginForm>) -> response::Html<String> {
138.     let response_html = format!(
139.         r#"
140.         <html>
141.         <head>
142.             <title>Form Submission Result</title>
143.         </head>
144.         <body>
145.             <h1>Form Submission Result</h1>
146.             <p>account : {}</p>
147.             <p>password: {}</p>
148.         </body>
149.         </html>
150.     "#,
151.         login.account, login.password);
152.    
153.     println!("response_html: {}", response_html);
154.     response::Html(response_html)
155. }

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二、Rest Client工具协同测试
在vscode中下载Rest Client插件后，通过创建以.http 或 .rest为末端的文件，举行http哀求测试。具体Rest Client功能很强盛，这里只先容，与Axum共同测试的方案。
具体如下：

2. # 头文件和body之间要有空隔行
4. ### 值中不需要引号！
5. @url = http://localhost:8080
6. @name = wowotuo
7. @token =ad;ipiqedqeqeqeqepqei1213132;dkqdqeqe
8. @id =6
10. ### =>"/"；GET；
11. GET {{url}}/ HTTP/1.1
13. ### =>"/html"；GET
14. GET {{url}}/html HTTP/1.1
15. ### /headers
16. GET {{url}}/headers  HTTP/1.1
18. ### /path/:name/:id ; id为输入参数
19. GET {{url}}/path/{{name}}/{{id}} HTTP/1.1
21. ### =>/form；有GET和POST两部分；POST方法要求输入
22. POST {{url}}/form HTTP/1.1
23. Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
25. account={{name}}&password=dbfund
27. ### /json; POST.输入user的json格式; 注意JSON格式要"双引号"！
28. POST {{url}}/json HTTP/1.1
29. content-type: application/json; charset=utf-8
31. {
32.     "name": "{{name}} 你好！",
33.     "old": 19
35. }
37. ### /user/:name/:old; 另外一种表达形式
38. GET {{url}}/user/{{name}}/32  HTTP/1.1
40. ### /params
41. GET {{url}}/params?tradedays=3&price=3.9&name=breaking
43. ### /hashmap; POST,要求输入hashmap
44. GET {{url}}/hashmap?name={{name}}&old="19"  HTTP/1.1
46. ### 对于curl命令的支持 类似 =>GET {{url}}/html
47. curl --request GET \
48.      --url {{url}}/html
50. ###--header 'user-agent: vscode-restclient'

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三、输出
用Rest Client调试的效果好坏常直观。