马上注册,结交更多好友,享用更多功能,让你轻松玩转社区。
您需要 登录 才可以下载或查看,没有账号?立即注册
×
list的细节
list的细节之一就是其迭代器没有利用指针了,由于指针是无法到达迭代器的效果的,再增补下迭代器的范例,迭代器分为单向,双向,随机迭代器,单向迭代器的容器有forward_list,unordered_map等,单向迭代器只支持++,双向迭代器有list,map,双向迭代器支持++与–,随机迭代器有string,vector,deque支持++,–,+,-,迭代器的名字决定了其范例,list本身是有sort函数的,但是服从过低,不如将他粘贴到vector进行sort在粘贴返来,后续有代码证实。list也存在迭代器失效问题,list的insert相比于vector是没有失效问题的,由于list的insert不存在扩容问题,根本全部的erase都有迭代器失效问题,以是每个erase都会返回删除下一个位置的迭代器,string也是有的,只是string更风俗用[]而不是迭代器进行访问。
头文件
- #pragma once
- #include<assert.h>
- namespace prime
- {
- template<class T>
- struct list_node
- {
- list_node* _next;
- list_node* _prev;
- T _data;
- list_node(const T& x = T())
- :_next(nullptr)
- , _prev(nullptr)
- , _data(x)
- {}
- };
- //这里是封装了iterator类,因为list的原生指针无法作为迭代器
- // typedef list_iterator<T, T&, T*> iterator;三个模版参数,是为了后面的const做铺垫
- // 如果需要const迭代器,我们是没办法完成的,所以这里封装一个const_iterator,由于普通ite与const的区别
- // 就只有*上,所以就通过添加参数来进行合并
- // typedef list_iterator<T, const T&, const T*> const_iterator;
- template<class T, class Ref, class Ptr>
- struct list_iterator
- {
- typedef list_node<T> Node;
- typedef list_iterator<T, Ref, Ptr> Self;
- Node* _node;
- list_iterator(Node* node)
- :_node(node)
- {}
- Ref operator*()
- {
- return _node->_data;
- }
- Ptr operator->()
- {
- return &_node->_data;
- }
- Self& operator++()
- {
- _node = _node->_next;
- return *this;
- }
- Self operator++(int)//因为tmp会销毁,所以不能传引用
- {
- Self tmp(*this);
- _node = _node->_next;
- return tmp;
- }
- Self& operator--()
- {
- _node = _node->_prev;
- return *this;
- }
- Self operator--(int)
- {
- Self tmp(*this);
- _node = _node->_prev;
- return tmp;
- }
- bool operator!=(const Self& s) const
- {
- return _node != s._node;
- }
- bool operator==(const Self& s) const
- {
- return _node == s._node;
- }
- };
- /*template<class T>
- struct list_const_iterator
- {
- typedef list_node<T> Node;
- typedef list_const_iterator<T> Self;
- Node* _node;
- list_const_iterator(Node* node)
- :_node(node)
- {}
- const T& operator*()
- {
- return _node->_data;
- }
- Self& operator++()
- {
- _node = _node->_next;
- return *this;
- }
- Self operator++(int)
- {
- Self tmp(*this);
- _node = _node->_next;
- return tmp;
- }
- Self& operator--()
- {
- _node = _node->_prev;
- return *this;
- }
- Self operator--(int)
- {
- Self tmp(*this);
- _node = _node->_prev;
- return tmp;
- }
- bool operator!=(const Self& s) const
- {
- return _node != s._node;
- }
- bool operator==(const Self& s) const
- {
- return _node == s._node;
- }
- };*/
- template<class T>
- class list
- {
- typedef list_node<T> Node;
- public:
- typedef list_iterator<T, T&, T*> iterator;
- //typedef list_const_iterator<T> const_iterator;
- typedef list_iterator<T, const T&, const T*> const_iterator;
- iterator begin()
- {
- return iterator(_head->_next);
- }
- iterator end()
- {
- return iterator(_head);
- }
- const_iterator begin() const
- {
- return const_iterator(_head->_next);
- }
- const_iterator end() const
- {
- return const_iterator(_head);
- }
- //这里单独封装一个初始化函数不选择用初始化列表进行初始化,是因为后续需要额外创建链表时需要初始化
- //初始化头节点需要创建Node对象并设置其_next和_prev指针指向自身。
- //这类多步操作无法直接在构造函数的初始化列表中完成(初始化列表仅支持表达式,不支持语句)
- void empty_init()
- {
- _head = new Node;
- _head->_next = _head;
- _head->_prev = _head;
- _size = 0;
- }
- list()
- {
- empty_init();
- }
- list(initializer_list<T> il)
- {
- empty_init();
- for (auto& e : il)
- {
- push_back(e);
- }
- }
- // lt2(lt1)
- //list(const list<T>& lt)
- list(list<T>& lt)
- {
- empty_init();
- for (auto& e : lt)
- {
- push_back(e);
- }
- }
- void swap(list<T>& lt)
- {
- std::swap(_head, lt._head);
- std::swap(_size, lt._size);
- }
- // lt1 = lt3
- list<T>& operator=(list<T> lt)
- {
- swap(lt);
- return *this;
- }
- ~list()
- {
- clear();
- delete _head;
- _head = nullptr;
- }
- void clear()
- {
- auto it = begin();
- while (it != end())
- {
- it = erase(it);
- }
- }
- size_t size()
- {
- return _size;
- }
- void push_back(const T& x)
- {
- /*Node* tail = _head->_prev;
- Node* newnode = new Node(x);
- tail->_next = newnode;
- newnode->_prev = tail;
- newnode->_next = _head;
- _head->_prev = newnode;*/
- insert(end(), x);
- }
- void push_front(const T& x)
- {
- insert(begin(), x);
- }
- void pop_back()
- {
- erase(--end());
- }
- void pop_front()
- {
- erase(begin());
- }
- void insert(iterator pos, const T& x)
- {
- Node* cur = pos._node;
- Node* prev = cur->_prev;
- Node* newnode = new Node(x);
- // prev newnode cur
- prev->_next = newnode;
- newnode->_prev = prev;
- newnode->_next = cur;
- cur->_prev = newnode;
- ++_size;
- }
- iterator erase(iterator pos)
- {
- assert(pos != end());
- Node* cur = pos._node;
- Node* prev = cur->_prev;
- Node* next = cur->_next;
- prev->_next = next;
- next->_prev = prev;
- delete cur;
- --_size;
- //return iterator(next);
- return next;
- }
- private:
- Node* _head;
- size_t _size;
- };
- void test_list1()
- {
- list<int> lt;
- lt.push_back(1);
- lt.push_back(2);
- lt.push_back(3);
- lt.push_back(4);
- list<int>::iterator it = lt.begin();
- while (it != lt.end())
- {
- *it += 10;
- cout << *it << " ";
- ++it;
- }
- cout << endl;
- lt.push_front(1);
- lt.push_front(2);
- lt.push_front(3);
- lt.push_front(4);
- for (auto e : lt)
- {
- cout << e << " ";
- }
- cout << endl;
- lt.pop_back();
- lt.pop_back();
- lt.pop_front();
- lt.pop_front();
- for (auto e : lt)
- {
- cout << e << " ";
- }
- cout << endl;
- }
- void test_list2()
- {
- list<int> lt;
- lt.push_back(1);
- lt.push_back(2);
- lt.push_back(3);
- lt.push_back(4);
- list<int>::iterator it = lt.begin();
- while (it != lt.end())
- {
- if (*it % 2 == 0)
- {
- it = lt.erase(it);
- }
- else
- {
- ++it;
- }
- }
- for (auto e : lt)
- {
- cout << e << " ";
- }
- cout << endl;
- }
- // const T* p1;
- // T* const p2;
- void print(const list<int>& lt)
- {
- // const迭代器的要求不是本身不能修改,而是指向的内容不能修改
- //const list<int>::iterator it = lt.begin();
- list<int>::const_iterator it = lt.begin();
- while (it != lt.end())
- {
- // *it = 10;
- cout << *it << " ";
- ++it;
- }
- cout << endl;
- }
- void test_list3()
- {
- list<int> lt1;
- lt1.push_back(1);
- lt1.push_back(2);
- lt1.push_back(3);
- lt1.push_back(4);
- for (auto e : lt1)
- {
- cout << e << " ";
- }
- cout << endl;
- list<int> lt2(lt1);
- for (auto e : lt2)
- {
- cout << e << " ";
- }
- cout << endl;
- list<int> lt3 = { 1,2,3,4,5,6 };
- lt1 = lt3;
- for (auto e : lt1)
- {
- cout << e << " ";
- }
- cout << endl;
- }
- struct AA
- {
- int _a1;
- int _a2;
- AA(int a1 = 1, int a2 = 1)
- :_a1(a1)
- , _a2(a2)
- {}
- };
- void test_list4()
- {
- //AA aa1 = { 1,1 };
- vector<AA> v1;
- v1.push_back({ 1,1 });
- v1.push_back({ 2,2 });
- v1.push_back({ 3,3 });
- vector<AA>::iterator it1 = v1.begin();
- while (it1 != v1.end())
- {
- cout << it1->_a1 << ":" << it1->_a2 << endl;
- ++it1;
- }
- cout << endl;
- list<AA> lt1;
- lt1.push_back({ 1,1 });
- lt1.push_back({ 2,2 });
- lt1.push_back({ 3,3 });
- list<AA>::iterator lit1 = lt1.begin();
- while (lit1 != lt1.end())
- {
- //cout << (*lit1)._a1 <<":"<< (*lit1)._a2 << endl;
- // 特殊处理,省略了一个->,为了可读性
- cout << lit1->_a1 << ":" << lit1->_a2 << endl;
- cout << lit1.operator->()->_a1 << ":" << lit1.operator->()->_a2 << endl;
- ++lit1;
- }
- cout << endl;
- }
- }
复制代码 源码
- #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
- #include<iostream>
- #include<list>
- #include<vector>
- #include<algorithm>
- using namespace std;
- //int main()
- //{
- // // 21:05
- // list<int> lt1 = {1,2,2,2,3,3,4,2,3,5,6};
- // for (auto e : lt1)
- // {
- // cout << e << " ";
- // }
- // cout << endl;
- // sort(lt1.begin(), lt1.end());
- //
- // /*lt1.sort();
- // lt1.unique();*/
- // lt1.remove(2);
- // for (auto e : lt1)
- // {
- // cout << e << " ";
- // }
- // cout << endl;
- //
- // return 0;
- //}
- void test_op1()
- {
- srand(time(0));
- const int N = 1000000;
- list<int> lt1;
- vector<int> v;
- for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
- {
- auto e = rand() + i;
- lt1.push_back(e);
- v.push_back(e);
- }
- int begin1 = clock();
- // 排序
- sort(v.begin(), v.end());
- int end1 = clock();
- int begin2 = clock();
- lt1.sort();
- int end2 = clock();
- printf("vector sort:%d\n", end1 - begin1);
- printf("list sort:%d\n", end2 - begin2);
- }
- void test_op2()
- {
- srand(time(0));
- const int N = 1000000;
- list<int> lt1;
- list<int> lt2;
- for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
- {
- auto e = rand() + i;
- lt1.push_back(e);
- lt2.push_back(e);
- }
- int begin1 = clock();
- // 拷贝vector
- vector<int> v(lt2.begin(), lt2.end());
- // 排序
- sort(v.begin(), v.end());
- // 拷贝回lt2
- lt2.assign(v.begin(), v.end());
- int end1 = clock();
- int begin2 = clock();
- lt1.sort();
- int end2 = clock();
- printf("list copy vector sort copy list sort:%d\n", end1 - begin1);
- printf("list sort:%d\n", end2 - begin2);
- }
- void test_list1()
- {
- // 一个链表的节点移动到另一个链表
- std::list<int> lt1 = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
- std::list<int> lt2 = { 10, 20, 30, 40 };
- for (auto e : lt1)
- {
- cout << e << " ";
- }
- cout << endl;
- for (auto e : lt2)
- {
- cout << e << " ";
- }
- cout << endl;
- lt1.splice(lt1.begin(), lt2);
- for (auto e : lt1)
- {
- cout << e << " ";
- }
- cout << endl;
- for (auto e : lt2)
- {
- cout << e << " ";
- }
- cout << endl;
- // 一个链表中节点调整顺序
- std::list<int> lt3 = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
- int x;
- cin >> x;
- auto it = find(lt3.begin(), lt3.end(), x);
- if (it != lt3.end())
- {
- lt3.splice(lt3.begin(), lt3, it);
- }
- for (auto e : lt3)
- {
- cout << e << " ";
- }
- cout << endl;
- }
- #include"List.h"
- int main()
- {
- prime::test_list4();
- return 0;
- }
复制代码 |