（一）Linux 系统安装Anaconda及环境设置

发表于 2024-6-13 21:53:24

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一、下载Anaconda

Anaconda网站https://www.anaconda.com/下载所需的版本，例如：Anaconda3-2023.09-0-Linux-x86_64.sh。（也可以利用网址路径直接在linux下下载，这里暂不介绍）
二、安装Anaconda

1.将下载的安装包放在Linux系统路径下，并调到此路径下。
2.Linux命令：

bash Anaconda3-2023.09-0-Linux-x86_64.sh

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3.一直按回车，或按q+yes跳过阅读
（1）默认安装在用户目录下，回车即可安装；
（2）也可自界说安装目录，直接输入安装目录，回车即可安装；
（3）直到出现“Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3 by running conda init ? ”，输入no，回车。
三、设置环境变量（不然会出现conda不识别情况）

（1）输入 echo $PATH检察是否已添加到环境变量中。假如不存在大概conda不识别，则举行（2）或（3）步调。

(base) fzx@fzx-System-Product-Name:~$ echo $PATH
/home/fzx/anaconda3/bin:/home/fzx/anaconda3/condabin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin

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（2）永久生效
假如在安装Anaconda的过程中没有将安装路径添加到系统环境变量中，需要在安装后手工添加：
a.在终端输入$sudo gedit /etc/profile，打开profile文件。

sudo gedit /etc/profile

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b.在文件末尾添加一行：export PATH=/home/username/anaconda3/bin

PATH，其中，将“/home/username/anaconda3/bin”替换为你现实的安装路径。保存。

export PATH=/home/username/anaconda3/bin:$PATH

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c.重启Linux。
d.打开终端，输入conda，回车后显示帮助内容即设置成功
ps:也可以在终端中输入echo $PATH检察已有的环境变量，确认输出里是否已有Anaconda路径了。
（3）暂时性生效
将anaconda设置进环境变量。

export PATH=~/anaconda3/bin:$PATH

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更新bashrc，激活环境变量；

source ~/.bashrc

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（4）conda创建环境时出现NoWritableEnvsDirError: No writeable envs directories configured：原因是安装后的anaconda文件没有读写权限，办理方法：

sudo chmod 777 -R xxx/anaconda3/(此处为anaconda文件路径)

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四、在Linux环境下修改Anaconda的默认假造环境安装位置

1. 一种方法是通过修改用户目录下的.condarc文件，添加或修改envs_dirs选项，指定假造环境的存储路径。这种方法可以按照自己的喜好设置多个假造环境路径，并且按照次序搜刮和创建假造环境。相关命令如下：
(1) 利用命令conda info检察假造环境存放地点和其中的安装包的存放地点。Note：排在第一位的就是默认的地点。

package cache : /home/sxw/anaconda3/pkgs
/home/sxw/.conda/pkgs
envs directories : /home/sxw/anaconda3/envs
/home/sxw/.conda/envs

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(2) 在设置文件.condarc中，修改假造环境的默认地点

vim ~/.condarc

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(3) 添加或修改以下内容：其中/xx/xxx/new_path/new_path/new_path/envs，就是设置的新的默认地点（放在第一位）

package cache : /home/sxw/anaconda3/pkgs
/home/sxw/.conda/pkgs
envs directories : /home/sxw/anaconda3/envs
/home/sxw/.conda/envs

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（4）提示：修改文件时，不要用tab键，不然会报错如下。

Ignoring configuration file (/home/sxw/.condarc) due to error:
Unable to load configuration file.
path: /home/sxw/.condarc
reason: invalid yaml at line 1, column 8

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利用空格键取代tab。
常用vim命令：i：进入编辑模式；esc+shift+;大概esc：返回平凡模式；
以下命令都在平凡模式下输入：
:q：退出文件；:q!：放弃修改退出；:wq：保存修改退出；:e!：放弃修改，重新回到文件打开的状态；u:：打消上一步的利用。
2. 另一种方法是通过在创建假造环境时利用–prefix参数，指定假造环境的位置⁴。这种方法可以机动地为每个假造环境单独指定位置，但是需要在激活和删除假造环境时也利用–prefix参数。相关命令如下：

# 创建一个名为myenv的虚拟环境，并指定其位置为/home/user/myenv
conda create --prefix /home/user/myenv
# 激活该虚拟环境
conda activate /home/user/myenv
# 删除该虚拟环境
conda remove --prefix /home/user/myenv --all

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五、更换镜像下载源

（此处更换为清华源，也可换为阿里云和中科大）
各系统都可以通过修改用户目录下的.condarc文件来利用 TUNA 镜像源。
Windows 用户无法直接创建名为.condarc的文件，可先实行conda config --set show_channel_urls yes天生该文件之后再修改。
1.vim进入.condarc文件

vim ~/.condarc

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2. 将下面设置黏贴进去，并查抄前面空格为空格而不是tab。

channels:
- defaults
show_channel_urls: true
default_channels:
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
- https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
custom_channels:
conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
pytorch-lts: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud

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假如是tab的话，.condarc文件内容将多出一行

show_channel_urls: true

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这将导致后续实行conda clean -i报错

# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ERROR REPORT <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/exception_handler.py", line 17, in __call__
return func(*args, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/cli/main.py", line 47, in main_subshell
context.__init__(argparse_args=pre_args)
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/base/context.py", line 456, in __init__
self._set_search_path(
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/common/configuration.py", line 1428, in _set_search_path
self._set_raw_data(dict(self._load_search_path(self._search_path)))
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/common/configuration.py", line 1417, in _load_search_path
yield path, YamlRawParameter.make_raw_parameters_from_file(path)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/common/configuration.py", line 416, in make_raw_parameters_from_file
return cls.make_raw_parameters(filepath, yaml_obj) or EMPTY_MAP
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/common/configuration.py", line 389, in make_raw_parameters
return {
^
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/common/configuration.py", line 391, in <dictcomp>
source, key, from_map[key], cls._get_yaml_key_comment(from_map, key)
~~~~~~~~^^^^^
TypeError: string indices must be integers, not 'str'
`$ /home/sxw/anaconda3/bin/conda config --remove-key channels`
environment variables:
CIO_TEST=<not set>
CONDA_ROOT=/home/sxw/anaconda3
CURL_CA_BUNDLE=<not set>
LD_PRELOAD=<not set>
PATH=/home/sxw/anaconda3/bin/:~/MyApp/anaconda3/bin:~/MyApp/anaconda3/bin:~
/MyApp/anaconda3/bin:~/MyApp/anaconda3/bin:~/MyApp/anaconda3/bin:~/MyA
pp/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sb
in:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/home/anaconda3/bin
REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=<not set>
SSL_CERT_FILE=<not set>
active environment : None
user config file : /home/sxw/.condarc
populated config files :
conda version : 23.7.4
conda-build version : 3.26.1
python version : 3.11.5.final.0
virtual packages : __archspec=1=x86_64
__glibc=2.35=0
__linux=5.15.0=0
__unix=0=0
base environment : /home/sxw/anaconda3 (writable)
conda av data dir : /home/sxw/anaconda3/etc/conda
conda av metadata url : None
channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/linux-64
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/linux-64
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
package cache : /home/sxw/anaconda3/pkgs
/home/sxw/.conda/pkgs
envs directories : /home/sxw/anaconda3/envs
/home/sxw/.conda/envs
platform : linux-64
user-agent : conda/23.7.4 requests/2.31.0 CPython/3.11.5 Linux/5.15.0-86-generic ubuntu/22.04.3 glibc/2.35
UID:GID : 1000:1000
netrc file : None
offline mode : False
An unexpected error has occurred. Conda has prepared the above report.
If you suspect this error is being caused by a malfunctioning plugin,
consider using the --no-plugins option to turn off plugins.
Example: conda --no-plugins install <package>
Alternatively, you can set the CONDA_NO_PLUGINS environment variable on
the command line to run the command without plugins enabled.
Example: CONDA_NO_PLUGINS=true conda install <package>
If submitted, this report will be used by core maintainers to improve
future releases of conda.
Would you like conda to send this report to the core maintainers? [y/N]:
Timeout reached. No report sent.

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PlanB :也可以利用命令直接增加源 (直接粘贴可能同样报上述错误，请粘贴后查抄是否有误)

#添加数据源：例如, 添加清华anaconda镜像：
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/pytorch/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
其他镜像源，推荐使用中科大源
# 中科大镜像源
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/menpo/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/
# 阿里镜像源
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/
# 豆瓣的python的源
conda config --add channels http://pypi.douban.com/simple/

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2.# 拓展：关于conda的数据源，另外有下述利用可做选择
#显示现在conda的数据源有哪些

conda config --show channels

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#删除数据源

conda config --remove channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/

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#回复默认源

conda config --remove-key channels

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六、创建新环境

一般在~/Anaconda3/envs 路径下新建环境，如许方便管理与区分，也可以跟自己自我喜好自建目录。
1. 先输入conda，进入conda环境

sxw@sxw-server:~/anaconda3$ conda
usage: conda [-h] [--no-plugins] [-V] COMMAND ...
conda is a tool for managing and deploying applications, environments and packages.
options:
-h, --help Show this help message and exit.
--no-plugins Disable all plugins that are not built into conda.
-V, --version Show the conda version number and exit.
commands:
The following built-in and plugins subcommands are available.
COMMAND
build Build conda packages from a conda recipe.
clean Remove unused packages and caches.
compare Compare packages between conda environments.
config Modify configuration values in .condarc.
content-trust Signing and verification tools for Conda
convert Convert pure Python packages to other platforms
(a.k.a., subdirs).
create Create a new conda environment from a list of
specified packages.
debug Debug the build or test phases of conda recipes.
develop Install a Python package in 'development mode'.
Similar to `pip install --editable`.
doctor Display a health report for your environment.
env See `conda env --help`.
index Update package index metadata files. Pending
deprecation, use https://github.com/conda/conda-index
instead.
info Display information about current conda install.
init Initialize conda for shell interaction.
inspect Tools for inspecting conda packages.
install Install a list of packages into a specified conda
environment.
list List installed packages in a conda environment.
metapackage Specialty tool for generating conda metapackage.
notices Retrieve latest channel notifications.
pack See `conda pack --help`.
package Create low-level conda packages. (EXPERIMENTAL)
remove (uninstall)
Remove a list of packages from a specified conda
environment.
rename Rename an existing environment.
render Expand a conda recipe into a platform-specific recipe.
repo See `conda repo --help`.
run Run an executable in a conda environment.
search Search for packages and display associated information
using the MatchSpec format.
server See `conda server --help`.
skeleton Generate boilerplate conda recipes.
token See `conda token --help`.
update (upgrade) Update conda packages to the latest compatible
version.
verify See `conda verify --help`.